Minor Disorder during Pregnancy and Treatment Home Care

Minor Disorder during Pregnancy and Treatment Home Care During Conception many women are experienced Few Minor Disorders are given  detailed in below

Normal symptoms during the pregnancy may cause discomfort to the woman,

Nausea,
Vomiting,
Heart Burn,
Constipation,
Increased frequency of urination,

Minor Disorder during Pregnancy

symptoms that can be indicating complications include the following must treat urge as
possible as to get medical help

Constipation
Hemorrhoids
Backache
Vaginal discharge
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Leg cramps,
Varicose veins

Complications during Pregnancy

Fever,
Palpitations, Tiredness,
Severe Headache,
Blurring Vision,
Facial puffiness,
Burning sensation during urination,
Passing smaller amount of Urine,
Edema- Generalized swelling of the body,
Abnormal veginal discharge i,e Bleeding,
Veginal Itching,
Decreased or absent fetal movements,
Persistent vomiting with dehydration.
Breathlessness during rest or on mild exertion,

Minor Disorder during Pregnancy 

1. Constipation in Pregnancy:

Constipation affects up to 40% of pregnant women, and most commonly occurs in the first and second trimester
• The hormonal changes reduce bowel motility and adsorption patterns, changes in food and fluid I take and reduced rates of exercise lead to constipation.
• The elevated levels of progesterone during pregnancy enhances smooth muscle relaxation which results in reduced peristalsis and intestinal motility and there is increased water absorption from the colon

Constipation management in Pregnancy:

Increase fiber intake ex: whole grain rice and bran, beans, nuts seeds, dried fruit, fresh fruits and vegetables, dry toast, biscuits.
Fiber Food :
Sources of fiber include whole wheat, bran, fresh or dried fruits, and vegetable
wheat fiber and psyllium are useful products to increase fiber supplements
The laxative effect of adding bran of fiber to the diet may be delayed for 3-5 days
 Fluid Intake

encourage the woman to drink plenty of fluids during the day
advise the caffeine beverages such as tea, coffee, cola and not chocolate should be kept to a minimum to avoid dieresis and dehydration
II. Physical Activity:
• Encourage light physical activity to enhance peristalsis, a strenuous activity my exacerbate the problem
III pharmacological interventions:
fiber supplements increase the frequency of defecation and lead to softer stops, if constipation fails to resolve with this management laxatives that stimulate the dowel may be required
Osmotic laxatives work by increasing the amount of fluid retained in the gut. Ex: lactose. Glycerol and orbital.
* Fiber bulking agents consider safe during pregnancy ex: – Metamucil, Fiber
*castor oil should be avoided as it may induce premature labor

2 Gastro-Oesophageal Reflux / Heart Burn, Nausea,

Reflux in common in pregnancy due to the elevated progesterone levels which causes the lower oesophageal sphincter to become more relaxed and the increased inter gastric pressure from the gravid uterus results in reflux of the stomach contents into the esophagus.

Management of Heartburn during pregnancy

1. Dietary Management:
Reduce stomach volume by avoiding consuming foods and fluids at the same time
Eat small, frequent snacks throughout the day

Avoid eating late at night or within three hours of going to bed
Avoid foods associated with increasing gut motility, ex:-fatty food alcohol, milk, chocolate, citrus fruit, etc.

II. Positioning during Pregnancy

 
Encourage the upright posture and adviser the woman to avoid lying down after a meal
sleeping propped up extra pillows at night may decrease the reflux symptoms
III. Pharmacological Intervention
simple antacids may assist some women
Ranitidine 150 mg BD a day is effective to treat oesophageal reflux

3 Varicose Veins and Leg Edema

Varicose may develop in 40%women. The effect of progesterone and also relaxing affect the smooth muscles on the veins, and also the increased weight of the uterus contributes to the risk of alular incompetence
*compression stocking assist the reduction of leg edema but prophylactic use does not prevent varicosities from forming
Varicose Veins Management during pregnancy

Non-Pharmacological Interventions:
Encourage the woman to
– elevate the legs during rest periods
-increase rest periods avoid excessive weight gain
-avoid prolonged standing or immobility or use of high heels
-avoid tight or restrictive clothing
– consider graduated compression stockings to provide support and relief
-cooling the legs with water immersion and compression helps alleviate symptoms
-advice regular exercise to help improve the calf muscle pump encourages ankle flexion exercise for at least 30 minutes per day
4 Hemorrhoids during pregnancy
Hemorrhoids often become symptomatic in pregnancy when the woman may present with bleeding, pain, and purities they may increase or be exacerbated in pregnancy due to the increased blood volume causing an increase in venous dilation and engorgement.
Hemorrhoids Management during pregnancy:
• Consecutive treatment is necessary for pregnancy
• If the pain is severe or unremitting surgical intervention under local anesthetics is safe and effective during pregnancy
I. Conservative Management:
• Offer stool softeners
• Mild analgesia
• Encourage a high fiber diet, fluids, and fiber supplement
• Skin protective creams may be useful for purities and discomfort
• Topical local unaesthetic corticosteroid may be used EX:- Retinol, proctosedyl ointments
• Advise the woman to avoid straining with a bowel motion
II Surgical Management:
closed excision hemorrhoids using local unaesthetic can be safely performed during pregnancy
5. Nausea and Vomiting
Nausea and vomiting affect 70-85 %of pregnancy. Women should be informed nausea and vomiting will normally resolve spontaneously by 16-20 week of gestation and is not usually associated with poor pregnancy outcomes.
Note:
Women with hyperemesis gravid arum should have a medical review
Nausea and Vomiting management Management during pregnancy
• Assess the medical history for the pattern of nausea and vomiting and exclude other causes
• screen for urinary tract infection and consider the possibility of multiple pregnancies
• Assess severity of the hyperemesis
• Assess the degree of dehydration if a woman is unable to tolerate any oral fluids, this is an indication for iv hydration and possible admission to hospital
• Advise small frequent meals and snacks
• Avoid spicy food (or)fatty
• Suggest eating a small meal before rising in the morning.
• Encourage fluids to prevent dehydration, ice chips may be useful.
Pharmacological Treatment for Minor Disorder during Pregnancy
• Ginger can be effective
• Ginger 250 mg 4 times daily
• Pyridoxine (vitamin B6) is useful, 10-25 mg, three times a day
• Antihistamines, anticholinergics are useful,